Does ‘irradiation’ mean the same as ‘radioactive contamination’?

These are two concepts that need to be distinguished because they are not the same. On the one hand, irradiation occurs when a person is exposed to ionising radiation. It can be avoided or mitigated by applying the basic principles of radiation protection: distance, time, and shielding.

On the other hand, contamination is the unwanted presence of radioactive substances on the surface of or inside the body, and can be of two types: internal and external.

Internal contamination occurs through inhalation, ingestion, or entry into the body via wounds. In this case, the radioactive substances act as sources of radiation within the body; that is, they irradiate the tissues or organs in which they are deposited, causing various effects depending on the organ or tissue they irradiate and the length of time they remain in the body.

It is important to wear face masks, filters, or even a self-contained breathing apparatus when handling radioactive substances. Furthermore, in facilities where radioactive material is handled, eating and drinking are strictly prohibited.

External contamination occurs when radioactive substances settle on the skin. They must be removed before internal contamination occurs. To remove this contamination, the contaminated surface must be washed. Furthermore, to prevent contamination from occurring, gloves and disposable clothing must be worn.