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Shortening the time of exposure, increasing distance from a radiation source and shielding are the basic countermeasures (or protective measures) to reduce doses from external exposure.
| Time: | The less time that people are exposed to a radiation source, the less the absorbed dose. |
| Distance: | The farther away that people are from a radiation source, the less the absorbed dose. |
| Shielding: | Barriers of lead, concrete or water can stop radiation or reduce radiation intensity. |
To reduce doses from intake of radioactive substances, the following basic countermeasures can be considered:
