{"id":37812,"date":"2020-11-28T14:05:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-28T13:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rinconeducativo.org\/recursos-educativos\/isabel-knaggs-constribuyo-desarrollo-cristalografia-rayos-x\/"},"modified":"2024-12-17T13:31:37","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T12:31:37","slug":"isabel-knaggs-contributed-development-x-ray-crystallography","status":"publish","type":"re_recurso","link":"https:\/\/rinconeducativo.org\/en\/recursos-educativos\/isabel-knaggs-contributed-development-x-ray-crystallography\/","title":{"rendered":"Isabel Knaggs, contributed to the development of X-ray crystallography"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

August 2, 1893, Durban (South Africa) - November 29, 1981, Sydney (Australia)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isabel Ellie Knaggs attended school in London (UK) and, between 1913 and 1917, studied chemistry at Cambridge University, which admitted women at the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After graduating, she worked as a research assistant at the Cambridge Mineralogical Laboratory and taught geology at Bedford College.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1921, she began a PhD at Imperial College London (University of London) and subsequently obtained a research fellowship and joined the group of William Henry Bragg, the co-founder of the new technique of X-ray<\/a> crystallography at the Royal Institution. In 1927, he obtained a permanent position at the Royal Institution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isabel determined the structure of numerous compounds, including that of benzyl, in collaboration with Kathleen Lonsdale, and of cyanuric triazine, a powerful explosive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of his most notable contributions was to establish that carbon atoms, in compounds with other atoms, adopt a tetrahedral coordination geometry. This was long before the development of Fourier synthesis techniques that allow the electron density of molecules studied by X-ray diffraction to be visualised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She has also been credited with applying chemical concepts, such as valence and the importance of spatial configuration, to X-ray crystallography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also worked as a consultant for the pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome and, during the Second World War, for the British Government, carrying out research on various crystal structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After her retirement, she was invited as a visiting professor at the Royal Institution (1963-1966 and 1974-1977).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She published numerous papers, including one with Constance Tipper (n\u00e9e Elam) and Berta Karlik<\/a> entitled \u2018Tables of the cubic crystal structure of elements and compounds<\/em>\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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