{"id":35938,"date":"2020-08-29T12:08:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-29T10:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rinconeducativo.org\/recursos-educativos\/mejoras-gestion-recursos-hidricos-mediante-tecnicas-nucleares-isotopicas\/"},"modified":"2024-12-17T14:21:43","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T13:21:43","slug":"improvements-water-resources-management-using-nuclear-isotopic-techniques","status":"publish","type":"re_recurso","link":"https:\/\/rinconeducativo.org\/en\/recursos-educativos\/improvements-water-resources-management-using-nuclear-isotopic-techniques\/","title":{"rendered":"Improvements in water resources management using nuclear and isotopic techniques"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

By studying isotopes<\/a>, scientists can discover the origin, age, quality, and use of water, gathering data to protect this natural resource.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of the application of these techniques are given below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Groundwater study<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"Aguas<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Las aguas subterr\u00e1neas se filtran desde la tierra y la arena de las primeras capas de seulo hasta las superficies rocosas m\u00e1s profundas o \"acu\u00edferos\", donde se acumulan y se desplazan lentamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En algunas regiones, estas aguas constituyen el principal recurso h\u00eddrico, debido a la disminuci\u00f3n de la cantidad y la calidad de las aguas superficiales en los r\u00edos, lagos y embalses. Estas condiciones provocan inseguridad alimentaria por la p\u00e9rdida de cultivos y el no poder satisfacer las necesidades b\u00e1sicas de una poblaci\u00f3n que est\u00e1 en cosntante crecimiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El uso creciente de las aguas subterr\u00e1neas exite una mayor compresi\u00f3n de los factores que afectan a los patrones de las precipitaciones y de los nexos entre la recarga y la descarga (movimientos del agua desde la superficie hasta los acu\u00edferos y viceversa).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por lo tanto, con t\u00e9cnicas isot\u00f3picas se puede hacer un estudio regional para medir las interacciones entre las precipitaciones y la direcci\u00f3n y la magnitud del flujo de agua por encima y debajo del suelo, monitorear la concentraci\u00f3n de radio (un material radiactivo natural) presente en el agua por diversos procesos naturales derivados de la geolog\u00eda y la geoqu\u00edmica del lugar o explora opciones para el tratamietno del agua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser de utilidad para los responsables de formular pol\u00edticas que protegan las zonas de recarga indispensables para el uso sostenible y seguro del agua o construir instalaciones con unidades de tratamietno del agua que usar\u00e1n \u00f3xido de manganeso hidratado para eliminar el radio del agua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uso responsable del agua en entornos agr\u00edcolas<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)<\/a>, in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO),<\/a> is assisting 50 countries in this area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In East Africa, increasingly frequent droughts are a threat to staple foods such as bananas. The region produces about 20% of the world's bananas and part of its population lives from banana cultivation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isotopic techniques can be used to analyse carbon-13 in bananas, and other data can be used to make production more water-efficient, leading to the creation of climate-smart banana farming systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carbon-13 is used to measure carbon dioxide and understand how it is absorbed and released by the plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Water balance management using the tritium-helium 3 technique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

One of the key factors in establishing a reliable water balance is to know the exact age of the water as it provides information on its source, its recharge rate, and the likelihood of it being contaminated.

Tritium is one of the three isotopes of hydrogen. As a radioactive isotope, tritium decays over a certain period to helium-3, a stable, non-decaying isotope. Therefore, on the basis that in the 1950s and 1960s, there were high levels of tritium in the atmosphere that have been gradually decaying to helium-3 ever since, although he considers tritium a good tracer, together with helium-3 it gives a much more accurate level of detail of information.

From their experience, scientists know that it takes about 12 years for half of the tritium atoms in water to decay into helium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Helium is a noble gas, which means that it is stable and does not react chemically with other elements in rocks or water. This makes it a constant and reliable reference point. Scientists can determine the exact age of young water if they know the concentration of helium from tritium (helium-3) relative to the total amount of helium in the water, as well as the concentration of other noble gases.

This technique is one of the most common for studying young water, less than 60 years old, which is more susceptible to climatic conditions and contamination, scientists use the tritium\/helium trend to find out its age, which can be anywhere from a few months to millions of years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Calculo<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

They use a mass spectrometer to sort the isotopes by weight and determine their respective concentrations. Once they know these and the time it takes for tritium to convert to helium-3, scientists can track the isotopes and determine the age of the water and how often it is recharged.

If it is one year old, for example, it will take a year to recharge and is much more likely to be affected by weather conditions and pollutants than if it is 50,000 years old.

The information gathered can help decision-makers formulate better-targeted and more sustainable water management strategies and policies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By studying isotopes, scientists can discover the origin, age, quality and use of water, gathering data to protect this natural resource.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1088,"featured_media":35935,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[8227,8471,7146],"edad":[7139,7161,7137,7140],"recursos_tipo":[7270],"recursos_tema":[7171,7170],"clasificacion_anterior":[],"class_list":["post-35938","re_recurso","type-re_recurso","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-environment-en","tag-nuclear-technology-applications","tag-radiation-en","edad-mas-16-en","edad-06-12-years-old","edad-de-12-a-16-en","edad-todas-las-edades-en","recursos_tipo-theory","recursos_tema-agri-food","recursos_tema-applications"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nImprovements in water resources management using nuclear and isotopic techniques - Rinc\u00f3n educativo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rinconeducativo.org\/en\/recursos-educativos\/improvements-water-resources-management-using-nuclear-isotopic-techniques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Improvements in water resources management using nuclear and isotopic techniques - 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